Gedetailleerde notities over Hawler
Kurdish costumes, 1873. The Russo-Turkish War ofwel 1877–78 was followed by the uprising of Sheikh Ubeydullah in 1880–1881 to found an independent Kurd principality under the protection ofwel Turkey. The attempt, at first encouraged by the Porte, as a reply to the projected creation ofwel an Armenian state under the suzerainty of Russia, collapsed after Ubeydullah's raid into Persia, when various circumstances led the central government to reassert its supreme authority.Amnesty International reported that "[s]he took the oath of loyalty in Turkish, as required by law, then added in Kurdish, 'I shall struggle so that the Kurdish and Turkish peoples may live together in a democratic framework.' In response to this, calls for her arrest blaming her of being a "Separatist" and "Terrorist" were heard in the Turkish parliament.[99]
Will tensions cool in the region—or will the recent actions in northern Syria simply set up another ongoing conflict between the Turkish state and the stateless Kurds? The only thing that seems certain kan zijn Kurds’ continued struggle for a country ofwel their own.
"Iraqi court decisions divide Kurdistan's ruling parties". Rudaw. “The KDP’s politburo said that the court ruling was a continuation ofwel its “unconstitutional rulings against the Kurdistan Region in the past four years” and an attempt to “return Iraq to a centralized system.” ^
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The name would be continued in classical antiquity as the first element in the toponym Corduene, and its inhabitants, mentioned by Xenophon as the tribe ofwel the Carduchoi who opposed the retreat of the Ten Thousand through the mountains north of Mesopotamia in the 4th century BC.
Most Kurds are Sunni Muslims, and among them are many who practice Sufism and other mystical sects. Although several historical dynasties have been led by Kurdish rulers, such as the Ḥasanwayhid dynasty, the ʿAnnazid dynasty, and, most famously, the Ayyubid dynasty, the Kurds have never achieved nation-state status in the modern era.
De resultaten over de HDP op provinciaal en gemeentelijk peil gedurende een Turkse handige verkiezingen van 2015
Minor disturbances constantly occurred, and were soon followed by a massacre and rape ofwel Armenians at Sasun by Kurdish nomads and Ottoman troops.[79]
Kirkuk blijft een essentiele plaats daar waar verschillende partijen teneinde vechten. Nadat de Koerden in 2014 de stad uit handen aangaande IS weten te krijgen, verovert het Iraakse leger Rawanduz Kirkuk in 2017 alweer retour.
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The exchange offices in Erbil are street stalls with no security, where the locals have huge bundles ofwel money on the counter, without a window, without surveillance and in the middle ofwel the street.
As a multinational campaign to expel ISIL from its strongholds led to ISIL’s decline, a referendum for independence held in Iraqi Kurdistan in September 2017 passed with more than 93 percent support. But as Kurdish forces moved to control strategic areas such as Kirkūk, the Iraqi army pushed back and quickly quelled the bid for independence.
«کوردسینەما لە بەسەرکردنەوەیەکی ئاژانسدا». ئاژانس. ٣ی ئابی ٢٠٢١. لە ڕەسەنەکە لە ٣ی ئابی ٢٠٢١ ئەرشیڤ کراوە. لە ٣ی ئابی ٢٠٢١ ھێنراوە. ^